Liquid-feeder for burners, &amp;c.



E. P. NOYES.

LIQUID FEEDER FOR BURNERS, 8w. APPLICATION FILED AUG-1B. i906. RENEWED ocr. 2. 1914.

Patented June 1, 1915.

QT HQ HU V W m kvefor,

lDVJARD P. NGYES, 6F WINC'EFi'm, Mrifis MENTS, TO CHARLES W. BBC'WN, TEUS TEE, 0F PITT$BURGFQ LIQUID-FEEDEB FOE BURNERGQ,

Application flied August 16, not, Serial Ho. 881,114. Renewed October To all whom it mag/concern: A

Be it known that I, EDWARD I. citizen of the United States, residing at i'linchestcr, in the county of Middlesex and Gate of Massachusetts, have invented cerin new and useful Improvements in quid-Feeders for Burners, &c., of which i .5! following is a specification 7 This invention relates broadly to liquid and gas mixers and is especially designed to furnish a means whereby air and liquid fuel H121 y be combined in combustible proportions .i'or internal combustion burners whether of "in continuous'burning or intermittent or v losivc type.

My invention relates more particularly to ei'l uroters or mixers of the so-called opentype in which the liquid is entrained in the air or other gaseous current partly by aspiration or ejector action and partly by dillerences of gaseous pressure exerted at opposite ends of the fuel column. Assuming the device to bee liquidfuel carhureter, the differences of pressure therein are caused by a resistance located in' the path of the air stream or current at a point or points anterior to the mixing chamber, and the air pressure anterior to said resistance established on the surface of the fuel in a reservoir communicating With.the fuel inlet of the mixing chamber. 7

One object of myinvention is to provide a substantialbut stable and delicately controllable difference of air-pressure between the reservoir and the mixing chamber regardless of the volume of air passing at the moment, for the purpose of insuring an adequate How of fuel under all conditions.

Another object is to maintain this pressure-difl'ercnce substantially constant, and a third object is to control and limit the fuel aspirating action by means of such constant pressure-difference. As a secondary exprdicnt I may provide for the introduction 0t gaseous fuel along with the liquid fuel and air under a control similar to that imposed upon the air flow.

The accompanying drawing represents a diagrammatic View, partly in section, showing an apparatus constructed according to my invention.

1 indicates a mixing chamber for the air and atomized liquid fuel, 2 is an air-pipe or conduit leading into said chamber in fuel-en- Y twining relation to the nozzles hereinafter Specification o'i' Lettors'fatent,

Patented June 1, 1915. 2, 1914. Serial m. 564,840;

described, and 3 is an eduction pipe leading from said chamber to the engine or other user. The pipes 2 and and the interposed mixing chamber constitute in ellect one conduit or passage, and said mixing chamber may be that of an ordinary carburetor, or it may pertain to a ccnstantpressurcinter pal-combustion burner of wh ch there are several types well-known to those skilled in the gas-en he art. Pipe 2 may either he a compresse -air pipe or may have its air flow induced by suction from an atmospheric or sub-atmospheric source. In either case the pipe 8 hereinafter described receives substantially the pressure of the mixing chunk her 1, or some fractionslly lower pressure, due to resistance in that part or". the passage posterior to the mixing chamber and bean ing a substantially constant relation to the pressure in L In the air-pipe is placed a resistance" valve 4- whose stem is attached to a septum or diaphragm 5 having chambers and 7 above and below it. The chamber 6 is open to the air-pressurc on the initial or anterior side of valve 4.. received through the anterior section 2 of the air pipe, and the chamber 7 receives the pressure posterior. or terminal to said valve (and preferably also posterior to the nspimting elements of the nxixing chamber as shown) through pipe A spring 9 attache l to the valve-stem and to a lever 10 pivoted at 11, exerts a substantially constant valve-closing pressure in aid of the pressure in chamber 7. The upper end of this spring may eitheibe held in a fixed position by a set-screw 12 which locks the lever 10, or the pressure of the spring may be replaced by that of'a changeable weight 13 suspended fr'omthe outer end of the lever. Set-screw 12, which'is mounted on a suitable fixed support, when tightened locks the lever 10, and when loosened allows said lever to turn freely on its pivot 11, the spring in the latter case being practically eliminated except as an elnsticconnection In either case the mechanical pressure act-- ingin aid of the posterior fluid pressure is normally constant although subject toad justment by changing the weight (set-screw 12 being loosened) or fixingthe lever 10111 the set-screw so. as to alter vthe tensitgn of" different angu spring 9.- 1413 a. reservoir for liquid fueh'haviiigjeir lar positions by means of outlet through a pipe 15 and a continuation 16 thereof, past a needle-valve l7 and a jetnozzle or fuel inlet 18 into the mixingchamber 1.

27 is a second nozzle, surrounded by the air inlet .or opening 2 to the mixing-chamber 1, and it will be noted that these inlets have substantially the usual ejector relation causing the air to aspirate the fuel. The presence of nozzle 27 is not essential, but it may be used as an entrance for a supply of 4 fuel gas or air as hereinafter described. The

reservoir 14 may be filled through the pipe 15 by way of a pressure-retaining lock 20 having lock-valves 21, 22 at opposite ends and surmounted by a filling funnel 23 whereby the liquid-level maybe maintained substantially constant by manual attendance, or it might be otherwise iilledas desired, and any known or suitable means for automatically maintaining a constant fuellevel may of course be adopted.

24 is a pipe leading from the anterior section 2 of air-pipe 2 to the'upper part of reservoir 14 in order to carry,to the surface of the fuel therein the air-pressure an- 'terior to the valve 4. Where the anterior pressure is atmospheric, the pipe 24' would not be essential, as in that case reservoir 14 may be directly open to the atmosphere, and the pipe section 2 could also practically be dispensed with, but this pipe or some equivalent is highly important when the pressure anterior. tovalve 4 is either-above or below the atmospheric.

In the operation of this apparatus the valve 4. with its associated parts automatically 'maintains a substantially fixed difference .the valve casing, and in order to open this valve the anterior pressure must be in excess of the posteriorpressure by an amount sufficient to overcome the-tension oflthe spring. Given this excess, which may occur either by reasonof a rise of the anterior, or a fall I .of the posterior pressure, 'the valve opens and an air-flow ensues. If this flow is sufficient to raise the posterior pressure so as to establish a smaller ressure-difl'erence than the standard for which spring 9 is set,

the valve partially closes until the normal pressure-difference has been restored, and

so on. Hence during-any flow of air within the limits of controlling capacity of the apparatus, the drop in pressure imposed by memes the amount of air pressure or the volume of air flow, the valve opening tov an amount which will accommodate the volume of air I seeking passage at any moment. This differential constant-reduction controller or regulator is not here claimed per 80, being made the subject of a separate Patent, No. 889,185, in which. as also in my Patent No. 868,358, are described aconstantflame generator occupying substantially the position of the element 1 which is herein termed a mixing-chamber. The interior. construction of this element is immaterial to the present invention since my invention applies equally to a. constant-pressure generator or to a suction carbu etor in which the mixingchamber, as is well lmown, is practically a part of the induction-pipe leading to the motor. The employment of the regulator above-described, using a diiierential septum larger than the valve, and especially "when the valve 4 is pressure-balanced in the mannershown or otherwise, allords a desirable sensitiveness in the apportionment of airflow to liquid-fuel flow by the mode which I have described, and tends to minimize evil inertia-eil'ects caused by pulsations in the air-fiow, but it is to be understood that I do not wholly confine myself to the employment of a septum distinct from the valve itself. In practice the valve will of course be subject to a slight leakage in order to move freely, and this-leakage or other uncontrolled air may serve to equalize the anterior and posterior pressures when the engine stops, so. as to prevent flooding and also to provide sullioient air to mix with the fuel for starting purposes before the valve responds to a relative fall of pressure in, the mixing-chamber, but the'passage of this rel atively small uncontrolled stream of airneed not materially ailect the command of total pressure-drop exerted by the valve and septum. u l p Since thediaphragm 5 and ts attached valve member command substantially the entireair-supply to the mixing-chamber 1, -thc d'rllerenoe of pressure created thereby is felt at opposite ends of the fuel-column, in reservoir 14 and at nozzle 18 resppctively, and hence there is always an adequate supply of fuel ready to meet the air in he mix-.

ing chamber, even at the lowest air velocities. This pressure-difierenceservesto lift the fuel from the reservoir to the nozzle if thelatter is above the camer as shown, and in that case the effective fuel-feeding force is the pressure-difference minus the fuel head.

I consider it an advantage to maintain a fuel-feeding. pressuredifference having a. controllable and adjustable relation to the mixing-chamber pressure, which relation may mama be that of substantial constancy at any adjustment; because then the amount of the fuel-feeding pressure-dilference can be more readily determinedand adjusted to meet all the varying conditions of air-flow or of intake pressure (5. e., at, above, or below the atmospheric) and also because it enables any variable fuel-feeding influence to be treated substantially as a separate factor. Such a variable inthe present case is the aspirating or fuel-ejecting action due to the velocity of the air current past the fuel-n0zzle,- -which velocity varies with the volume of the air- How. By the means above described I am enabled to produce a flow of fuel substantially proportionate to said airflow, so that, at any given pressure-level, the Weights or quantities will remain in a sul'istantially constant ratio, notwithstanding the changes occurring in said quantities, to meet the varying demands.

Heretofore in the common type of car" bureters, and especially in those employing a primary airinlet of constant aperture and a secondary air-inlet controlled by an automatic loaded valve, the air-pressure in the mixing chamber has not borne any definite relation to the pressure acting on the fuel in the reservoir or float chamber, and the former would falla'way indefinitely with in creasing volumes of air-flow, particularly at times before the automatic valve comes into action. In such carburetors the feeding; of fuel by pressure-diflcrcnce and the socalled aspirator feeding influence are so inlei-mingled that it is dillicult to ascribe sepa rate values to, or exercise intelligent control upon either of them; while at low air-velocities the feeding of fuel is generally deficient. By means of my invention the first named of these forces maybe separated by making it substantially constant and subject to predetermined variation by simple mechanical adjustments, and the latter force is or may be delicately controlled by embracing, Within the substantially constant total pressure drop, that local and varying pressure-drop occurring as between the pressures in those portions of the air-flow conduit which are immediately anterior, and those which are immediately posterior to the aspirator. and which in particular determine the aspiration effects. In the particular illustration of this case, this is accomplished by taking the pressure for chamber 7 from a point posterior to the aspirating elements 18, 27. Under these conditions, and strictly speaking, it is obvious that the local pressure at the outlet of fuel-nozzle 18 is not the same as the local pressure in the ordinary automatic-dilution carbureter having an open primary air-passage, asecondary-air-passage, a varying terminal pressure, and a velocity of air flow past the fuel-jet corresponding to all 'med :ate

these oniditione; hatipthat pressure created in the thr aiely of an ejector whose immediire a variable. interone pressure anterior to a as l and the pressure in the mixvalve ing chamber. the latter permissihly bearing'm a fixed relation to the primary or intake pressure as stat-ed, so that this local pressure drop will then be a varying percentage of a sulnstantielly constant pressure difference. This action is made possible by the fact that the pressure controlling the automatic valve or septum on its p sterior side is not merely the prissuie posterior to the valve itself but is the pressure posterior to the aspirator.

The simple and novelexpedientsof universal so character. fl is made applicable, afi'ord to the person lied in the art the power of apportioning: air and fuel with precision over a wide range. One result among others is the automaiic i increase of too supply, which ordinarily is the consequemze simply of increased ejectoraction the demand upon the motor in creases. and which tends to an oversupply of fuel, but imperfectly compensated for by on the action of the ordinary automatic air valve.

Various cl noses of embodiment may be made without departing: from mv invention.

In addition to the air-pipe 2 I have shown sure drop, and the gas and liquid fuel mav both be burned together if desired, or the oil may be burned alone. in some cases I have sent air through both the pipes 2 and 25 in order to secure the most cfiirient mixing and vaporizing action at the nozzles. avenues of air supplv are not however essential. and if a gaseousi'uel supply is not reqnired the elements 2 and 27 may be omitted.

I claim. y

1. In a liquid-fuel curlnlreler. the combination of a passage imsludina a lnixingzchamber having air and fuel inlcls constituting an aspirator with a restricted air throat, an automatic air valve commandinc' substantlally the entire air ingredient of the mixture and biased to close, said valve being differentially controlled by the air-pressure anterior to itself tending to open the valve and the mixing-chamber pressure posterior to said aspirator tending to close the valve, and a fuel reservoir connected with said fuel inlet and subject in its upper portion to sub;

"nation imposed upon that 86 This 100 The two 1 1 0 stantially the air pmssm-e anierim to Szlll valve.

2. In an air and liquid-5126i niimzz', he combination. oi a mixing (11: m mm: {I};

inlet for SUbSi-Ilfitllil) its ntirw air 51m n and a pressure-balanced valw comr'ollingz said,

inlet, an aspirator provided Wit-l2 a 1'85111'10 air throat in the course {if said air supp] a liquid-fuel rcserv'ais' subject. to tlie air-y HS- sure anterior to said valve, my? having a. i discharge duct provided Lh outls to said chamber ati-im aspnniw, Mime 5i level of the re ervoir and a snpzlum attaclxu to the air-inlet valve and ambient. in on". di rection to the mixing-i umber p'fiessnm and to a substantially nnns-an 'mii'e'ciwi m1 force, and in Hue other di n m film in pressure anterior tn liw m 3. In an air un liquurfiial {XUXQ-lf, time cmnbinatinn. of a mixing cluuulxi'r having em air'supply pipe, and an mimimz p ne, an in let valve in said ail sujiap iy $51K, r 1 Q' differentially by the air-gme-anmw z ntmm and posterior to itfikflf, a, fnei q'esasr'vnir imv ing a discharge outlet to the inixing chm":- ber, and a duct connecting the upper s iacia (if said fuel reservoir with a potinv in the air supply pipe anterior to the. inlet valve.

4. In combination, a King chamber hars ing inlets for air. gaseous in and liquid fuel, the 1l(]l1ld"fl,ll inletbeing of .nornmli w fixed aperture, air and gas i alvma noun-ailing the air and gaseous-fuel inlets and bath con trolled automatically by line pressurns anterior and posterior 'm sir animal 11 means far maintainir? a ual of liquid 1:9 with its surface sub in liw: :u'i'nsigmr m pressure fur sszmpigi i 5, In cmnizin ing liquid-i1 I and an 52' ling i- 1 inlntF fili l 513] the UN. l I

{3 l nk :1 liuuiwl-f :mtimi of a {N19551: w glmmlver lm'vii'ig' a fun? tuting an. :nspimmii' liming 1 throat, and an fill'l llphlff 002ml, viii: said ill! inlet :1 alve in said Hmninating the m 3);? m: assure firm y 1' t0 zts lf and that in the King clmnilmzp :epmm win'nrvi 'i ll -l valve {illil sail, i

is-fu l in? y, "min ins? ml) "int and subject in its upper 1" ztlliiiliOK {we 11%;.

lnzaiion in n liqaf i-fufli-eimlair m ni prssm'e 05' ir-supply, a main and minor air-pas .Upplv to 'm' nu-chamber, main min m Managed li fiiitl'i tial i (ronsmn &: deficit in the mixin i wiuw m law oi own-MM (hereto b a. fuel- 21 Ming: in am aspimmr 5w zninm ant-supply. anti mums minim :llliilF-fii in! whine of liquid :wpuziteii into lnmziwr. hll 'lilliiihll in a iit31lilflli 21ml l mainla in i? l I'(, .f)l- FiHW rim have} mars, ma m; 11nd miner mph-ace liqnidfunl in? in the re- 9. in cnnsbn ition in :1 llQslll-fUGl-fifldnil" mix-air an anterior rlibsmi'piy a major mixingzwl'mm my miner mixing-charnber, ii: liming its liquid-level be lmmheis, major and minor al in {Lliillfiiji liquidiuel saizl lbsevrvoir to the renumbers, and a Lnmttle ,ilvflOW through the twn nny'wi in increase the relative PM) ii! nursing: ihrough the minor in lmth m i A n w i ct arranged in pm fmn: air] A l v valve muz'zniman film-a Kl I We s. Ming! with 3:4. 1 minuii nix. lively greater nspimiing villi-t n i} "f f?! vme iiow (if airtiii'winlz (l mmw :mlimit. than he fispiii-iting e; t 2 2 \oimne flaw tlimu zh the v of August 3903. ax-awn P. NOYES. 

